Fig 2: TUBB Is a Direct Target of miR-195(A) Expression of TUBB in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Paired t test, p < 0.0001. (B) Expression of TUBB in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Paired t test, p < 0.0001. (C) Correlation of TUBB with miR-195 in tumor tissues of lung adenocarcinoma (n = 508) patients. (D) Correlation of TUBB with miR-195 in tumor tissues of lung squamous cell carcinoma (n = 476) patients. (E) mRNA levels of TUBB in H1299, H1993, and H358 cells transfected with miR-195 mimic. (F) TUBB protein levels after transfected with miR-195 mimic for 3–4 days. (G) Predicted binding site between miR-195 and the 3' UTR of TUBB. Luciferase reporter assay for direct and specific interaction of miR-195 with the predicted target site in the TUBB 3' UTR. Deletion of the target site in the TUBB 3' UTR abolishes the inhibition of luciferase activity by miR-195. WT, wild-type; MUT, deleted miR-195 binding site in the TUBB 3' UTR. Results are shown as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; ****p < 0.0001. Experiments were repeated at least twice.

Fig 3: TUBB Is Regulated by CHEK1(A) Correlation of TUBB with CHEK1 in tumor tissues of lung adenocarcinoma (n = 507) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (n = 475) patients. (B) CHEK1 and TUBB protein levels assessed by western blots. Experiments were repeated at least twice.

Fig 4: TUBB Expression Is Correlated with Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients(A) 5-year overall survival curves of lung adenocarcinoma patients based on TUBB expression. (B) 5-year overall survival curves of lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with chemotherapy based on TUBB expression. (C) 5-year overall survival curves of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients based on TUBB expression. (D) 5-year overall survival curves of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with chemotherapy based on TUBB expression. (A)–(D) were generated from KM Plotter, excluding patients from the TCGA datasets. (E) 5-year overall survival curves of lung adenocarcinoma patients based on TUBB expression. (F) 5-year recurrence-free survival curves of lung adenocarcinoma patients based on TUBB expression. (G) 5-year overall survival curves of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients based on TUBB expression. (H) 5-year recurrence-free survival curves of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients based on TUBB expression. (E)–(H) were generated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Fig 5: Knockdown of TUBB Sensitizes NSCLC Cells to MTAs(A) Protein levels of TUBB assessed by western blot. (B) Response of cancer cells to paclitaxel with or without TUBB siRNA (siTUBB) treatment. (C) Response of cancer cells to eribulin with or without siTUBB treatment. Results are shown as mean ± SD. Experiments were repeated at least twice.